Bare metal
From Openmoko
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(New page: Here is an example of how to run your own code on the bare metal, without any operating system.) |
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− | Here is an example of how to run your own code on the bare metal, without any operating system. | + | Here is an example of how to run your own C code on the bare metal, without any operating system. Since I don't yet have a physical device, this has only been tested using [[Qemu]]. |
+ | |||
+ | == Example program == | ||
+ | |||
+ | The example program does nothing but blink the LCD backlight on and off. A simple first exercise might be to change it to blink out "hello world" in morse code. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === C code (app.c) === | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | #define GPBDAT *((volatile unsigned long*)0x56000014) | ||
+ | |||
+ | void cstart(void) | ||
+ | { | ||
+ | int i; | ||
+ | while (1) { | ||
+ | GPBDAT ^= 1; /* toggle the backlight */ | ||
+ | for (i = 0; i < 50000000; i++); /* delay a little bit */ | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Assembler head (app.S) === | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | .text | ||
+ | .globl _start | ||
+ | _start: | ||
+ | mov sp, #0x30000000 @ start of RAM | ||
+ | add sp, sp, #0xa00000 @ 10mb in, should be a safe place to put our stack | ||
+ | b cstart @ call C code | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Linker script (app.lds) === | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | SECTIONS | ||
+ | { | ||
+ | . = 0x35000000; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Makefile === | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | CROSS=/mnt/oe/openmoko/build/tmp/cross/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/bin/ | ||
+ | CC=${CROSS}gcc | ||
+ | OBJCOPY=${CROSS}objcopy | ||
+ | |||
+ | app.bin: app.elf | ||
+ | ${OBJCOPY} -O binary $^ $@ | ||
+ | |||
+ | app.elf: app.S app.c | ||
+ | ${CC} -Wall -nostdlib $^ -o $@ -T app.lds | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Using with qemu == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Terminal 1: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | ~/tmp % wget http://meshy.org/~ato/upload/bare-metal-moko.tar.gz | ||
+ | % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current | ||
+ | Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed | ||
+ | 100 3322 100 3322 0 0 4156 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 8384 | ||
+ | ~/tmp % tar -zxf bare-metal-moko.tar.gz | ||
+ | ~/tmp % cd bare-metal-moko | ||
+ | ~/tmp/bare-metal-moko % make | ||
+ | /mnt/oe/openmoko/build/tmp/cross/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/bin/gcc -Wall -nostdlib app.S app.c -o app.elf -T app.lds | ||
+ | /mnt/oe/openmoko/build/tmp/cross/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/bin/objcopy -O binary app.elf app.bin | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Terminal 2: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | /mnt/oe/openmoko/build/qemu % cp ~/tmp/bare-metal-moko/qemu-telnet.sh openmoko | ||
+ | /mnt/oe/openmoko/build/qemu % ./openmoko/qemu-telnet.sh | ||
+ | QEMU waiting for connection on: localhost:1200,server | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Terminal 1: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | ~/tmp/bare-metal-moko % kermit -y download.kerm | ||
+ | DNS Lookup... Trying 127.0.0.1... Reverse DNS Lookup... (OK) | ||
+ | localhost.localdomain connected on port 1200 | ||
+ | ÿûÿûÿûÿý | ||
+ | |||
+ | U-Boot 1.3.2-rc2 (May 22 2008 - 01:06:44) | ||
+ | |||
+ | I2C: ready | ||
+ | DRAM: 128 MB | ||
+ | NAND: 64 MiB | ||
+ | Found Environment offset in OOB.. | ||
+ | Video: 640x480x8 31kHz 59Hz | ||
+ | |||
+ | NAND read: device 0 offset 0x244000, size 0x5000 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Reading data from 0x248e00 -- 100% complete. | ||
+ | 20480 bytes read: OK | ||
+ | USB: S3C2410 USB Deviced | ||
+ | In: serial | ||
+ | Out: serial | ||
+ | Err: serial | ||
+ | GTA01Bv4 # loadb 35000000 | ||
+ | ## Ready for binary (kermit) download to 0x35000000 at 115200 bps... | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | |||
+ | # Total Size = 0x00000064 = 100 Bytes | ||
+ | ## Start Addr = 0x35000000 | ||
+ | GTA01Bv4 # go 35000000 | ||
+ | ## Starting application at 0x35000000 ... | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Terminal 2: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. | ||
+ | neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now off. | ||
+ | neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. | ||
+ | neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now off. | ||
+ | neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. | ||
+ | neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now off. | ||
+ | neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | </pre> |
Revision as of 12:27, 22 August 2008
Here is an example of how to run your own C code on the bare metal, without any operating system. Since I don't yet have a physical device, this has only been tested using Qemu.
Contents |
Example program
The example program does nothing but blink the LCD backlight on and off. A simple first exercise might be to change it to blink out "hello world" in morse code.
C code (app.c)
#define GPBDAT *((volatile unsigned long*)0x56000014) void cstart(void) { int i; while (1) { GPBDAT ^= 1; /* toggle the backlight */ for (i = 0; i < 50000000; i++); /* delay a little bit */ } }
Assembler head (app.S)
.text .globl _start _start: mov sp, #0x30000000 @ start of RAM add sp, sp, #0xa00000 @ 10mb in, should be a safe place to put our stack b cstart @ call C code
Linker script (app.lds)
SECTIONS { . = 0x35000000; }
Makefile
CROSS=/mnt/oe/openmoko/build/tmp/cross/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/bin/ CC=${CROSS}gcc OBJCOPY=${CROSS}objcopy app.bin: app.elf ${OBJCOPY} -O binary $^ $@ app.elf: app.S app.c ${CC} -Wall -nostdlib $^ -o $@ -T app.lds
Using with qemu
Terminal 1:
~/tmp % wget http://meshy.org/~ato/upload/bare-metal-moko.tar.gz % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 3322 100 3322 0 0 4156 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 8384 ~/tmp % tar -zxf bare-metal-moko.tar.gz ~/tmp % cd bare-metal-moko ~/tmp/bare-metal-moko % make /mnt/oe/openmoko/build/tmp/cross/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/bin/gcc -Wall -nostdlib app.S app.c -o app.elf -T app.lds /mnt/oe/openmoko/build/tmp/cross/arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/bin/objcopy -O binary app.elf app.bin
Terminal 2:
/mnt/oe/openmoko/build/qemu % cp ~/tmp/bare-metal-moko/qemu-telnet.sh openmoko /mnt/oe/openmoko/build/qemu % ./openmoko/qemu-telnet.sh QEMU waiting for connection on: localhost:1200,server
Terminal 1:
~/tmp/bare-metal-moko % kermit -y download.kerm DNS Lookup... Trying 127.0.0.1... Reverse DNS Lookup... (OK) localhost.localdomain connected on port 1200 ÿûÿûÿûÿý U-Boot 1.3.2-rc2 (May 22 2008 - 01:06:44) I2C: ready DRAM: 128 MB NAND: 64 MiB Found Environment offset in OOB.. Video: 640x480x8 31kHz 59Hz NAND read: device 0 offset 0x244000, size 0x5000 Reading data from 0x248e00 -- 100% complete. 20480 bytes read: OK USB: S3C2410 USB Deviced In: serial Out: serial Err: serial GTA01Bv4 # loadb 35000000 ## Ready for binary (kermit) download to 0x35000000 at 115200 bps... # # Total Size = 0x00000064 = 100 Bytes ## Start Addr = 0x35000000 GTA01Bv4 # go 35000000 ## Starting application at 0x35000000 ...
Terminal 2:
... neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now off. neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now off. neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now off. neo_bl_switch: LCD Backlight now on. ...